خوانش مؤلفه‌‏های شهر هم‏گرا با تأکید بر کاربست آن در تجربۀ مالمو سوئد (مورد مطالعه: محلۀ Bo01)

نوع مقاله : مقالة نظری/مروری

نویسندگان

1 گروه جغرافیا، دانشکده علوم انسانی، دانشگاه سیدجمال الدین اسدآبادی، اسدآباد، ایران

2 دانشیار جغرافیا و برنامه ریزی شهری، دانشگاه خوارزمی، تهران، ایران

10.30487/hmes.2023.1972344.1021

چکیده

مدل شهر هم‏گرا بیش از همه بر تحقق تمام اصول پایداری در سطح محله‏های شهری تأکید دارد. در این میان، محلۀ Bo01 به‌عنوان یک نمونۀ پیش‌رو جهانی در زمینۀ توسعۀ شهری پایدار شناخته می‏شود که استانداردهای بلندپروازانۀ زیست‌محیطی و ارتقای کیفیت زندگی ازجمله اهداف مهم آن به‌شمار می‏آید. بر همین اساس هدف پژوهش حاضر، خوانش مؤلفه‏های شهر هم‏گرا براساس مشخصه‏های محلۀ Bo01 است. پژوهش حاضر از نوع کاربردی و روش آن توصیفی­ تحلیلی است. نتایج پژوهش بیانگر آن است که کلاس تام در طراحی محلۀ Bo01 بر مدل کیفیت/زمان متمرکز شده است. مهم‏ترین مؤلفه‏های شهر هم‏گرا متشکل از بهره‏گیری 100 درصد انرژی‏های تجدید‏پذیر، طراحی سازگار با محیط زیست، فضای سبز، تنوع زیستی، مدیریت آب، مدیریت پسماند، حمل‌ونقل پایدار و فضاهای اجتماعی و زیبایی‏شناسی است. تراکم جمعیت در محلۀ Bo01، 43 نفر در هکتار و تراکم ناخالص معادل بیش از 26 واحد مسکونی در هکتار است. حدود 50 درصد از محله را فضای باز تشکیل می‏دهد. 1400 متر مربع کلکتور خورشیدی در ساختمان‏های آپارتمانی و 200 متر مربع از آن‌ها در فضاهای خالی وجود دارد. هر خانوار فقط 7/0 جای پارک دارد. درنتیجه، محلۀ Bo01، منعکس‌کنندۀ یک مدل برای محلۀ آینده و پایدار است که ساختار آن براساس اهداف زیست‏محیطی با تمرکز بر انرژی، محدودیت استفاده از خودرو، تشویق پیاده‏روگستری، گسترش مسیرهای دوچرخه‏سواری، مدیریت آب و پسماند و مراقبت از چشم‏انداز طبیعی است.
 

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Reading of the Symbio City components with an emphasis on its application in the experience of Malmö, Sweden (case: Bo01 neighborhood)

نویسندگان [English]

  • Hafez Mahdnejad 1
  • Ahmad Zanganeh 2
1 Department of Geography , Faculty of Humanities, , Said Jamaldin University of Asadabadi, Asadabad, Iran
2 دانشیار جغرافیا و برنامه ریزی شهری، دانشگاه خوارزمی، تهران، ایران
چکیده [English]

The Symbio City model emphasizes above all the realization of all sustainability principles at the level of urban neighborhoods. In the meantime, Bo01 neighborhood is known as a leading global example in the field of sustainable urban development, which includes ambitious environmental standards and improving the quality of life among its important goals. Based on this, the aim of the current research is the components reading of the Symbio City based on the characteristics of Bo01 neighborhood. The current research is of applied type and its method is descriptive-analytical. The results of the research show that Tom's class focused on the quality/time model in Bo01 neighborhood design. The most important components of the Symbio City are the use of 100% renewable energy, environmentally friendly design, green space, biodiversity, water management, waste management, sustainable transportation, and social and aesthetic spaces. There are 1400 square meters of solar collectors in apartment buildings and 200 square meters of them in empty spaces. Each household has only 0.7 parking spaces. Bo01 neighborhood has a lot of variety in terms of architecture and landscape, and has been created by combining the environment and creativity, an attractive place. About 50% of the area is open space, many social spaces are designed in a diverse landscape. In other words, the density of 26 residential units per gross hectare has balanced 50% of open space allocation.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Symbio City
  • sustainable city
  • class Tom
  • Malmö
  • Bo01

مراجع

Adscheid, T., & Schmitt, P. (2019). Mobilising post-political environments: tracing the selective geographies of Swedish sustainable urban development, Urban Research & Practice. Urban Research & Practice, 1, 1-21.
Ahlgren, M., Robson, N., & Houthaeve, R.(2018). Urban space for people on the move: the living city. Swedish National Road and Transport Research Institute (VTI).
Anderberg, S. (2015). Western harbor in Malmö. ISOCARP REVIEW, 11, 210-227.
Andersson, G., & Roux, J. (2014). SymbioCity Process Guide; in search of synergies for sustainable cities. SKL International, Stockholm, Sweden.
Austin, G. (2013). Case Study and Sustainability Assessment of Bo01, Malmo, Sweden. Journal of Green Building, 8(3), 34–50.
Elias Bibri, S.,. & Krogstie, J. (2020). Smart Eco-City Strategies and Solutions for Sustainability: The Cases of Royal Seaport, Stockholm, and Western Harbor, Malmö, Sweden. Urban Sci, 11, 1-42.
Bradley, K., Hult, A., & Cars, G. (2013). From Eco-Modernizing to Political Ecologizing: Future Challenges for the Green Capital. In Sustainable Stockholm: Exploring Urban Sustainability in
Europe’s Greenest City, edited by J. Metzger and A. R. Olsson, 168–194. New York: Routledge.
Benites, A. J., & Simoes, A. F. (2021). Assessing the urban sustainable development strategy: An application of a smart city services sustainability taxonomy. Ecological Indicators, 127 , 107734.
Chung, C. (2020). Renewable Energy Anaerobic Digester (READ). Facilities Management. City of Malmo. (1999). Quality Programme (Sweden, Urban Planning and Architecture). Malmo: Bo01.
City of Malmö. (2002). Grona Kvalitets Program (Green Quality Progrm) dp 4537. Malmö, Sweden. Retrieved fromhttp://www.malmo.se/download/18.5d8108001222c393c008000104544/kvalprog%2Bbo01%2Bmed %2Bbild%2Bp65.pdf.
City of Malmö. (2006). Västra Hamnen The Bo01 Area. A city for people and the environment. Retrieved from http://www.malmo.se/english/sustainable-city development/pdf-archive.html.
Foletta, N., & Field, S. (2011). Europe’s Vibrant New Low Car(bon) Communities. New York: Institute for Transportation & Development Policy. Retrieved from http://www.itdp.org/documents/092211_ITDP_NED_ Desktop_Print.pdf.
Fraker, H. (2013) The hidden potential of sustainable neighborhoods. Washington, DC, Island Press. DOI: 10.5822/978-1-61091-409-3.
Fossum, T. (2012). Sustainable Urban Development in Malmö. Sweden, Augustenborg and Bo01 / Western Harbour, Environment Department City of Malmö.
Givan, K. (2010). What does leadership look like? Lessons from Bo01, Sweden (Rep.). Edinburgh: Architecture and Design Scotland.
Ginot, B. (2010).Urban regeneration in Europe: State of the art and perspectives - An analytical study interrogating sustainability. Department of Civil and Environment Engineering, Goteborg, Sweden.
Hult, A. (2015). The Circulation of Swedish Urban Sustainability Practices: To China and Back. Environment and Planning A: Economy and Space, 47 (3), 537–553.
Kristiina. P. B. (2019). Västra Hamnen area — Bo01 — waterfront regeneration in Malmö. Retrieved October 22, 2020.
Koutra, S., Becue, V., Griffon, J-B., & Ioakeimidis, C. (2017). Towards a Net-Zero Energy District Transformation in a Mono-criterion Scenario Analysis - The Case of Bo01, Malmö District, Proceedings of the 6th International Conference on Smart Cities and Green ICT Systems (SMARTGREENS 2017), pp. 180-187.
Listerborn, C. (2017). The flagship concept of the 4th urban environment. Branding and visioning in Malmö, Sweden, Planning Theory & Practice, DOI: 10.1080/14649357.2016.1264615.
Madureria, M. A. (2014). Physical Planning in Entrepreneurial Urban Governance-Experiences from the Bo01 and Brunnshög Projects in Sweden. European Planning Studies, 22 (11), 2368–2388.
Malmö City. (2015). Western Harbor, Current Urban Planning. Malmö City Planning Office.
Michalina, D., Mederly , P., Diefenbacher , H., & Held, B., (2021).Sustainable Urban Development: A Review of Urban Sustainability Indicator Frameworks. Sustainability, 13(2021): 1-20.
Nielsen, M. (2015). Västra Hamnen The Bo01-area. Malmo; City of Malmo.
Potz, H., & Bleuze, P.(2022).Green-blue grids Manual for resilient cities. Atelier Groenblauw.
Stahre, P. (2008). Blue-Green Fingerprints in the City of Malmö, Sweden. Malmö: City of Malmö. Retrieved fromhttp://www.citywater.fi/files/2013/08/BlueGreenFingerprints_Peter.Stahre_webb.pdf
Stenning, E. (2008). An Assessment of the Seattle Green Factor: Increasing and Improving the Quality of Urban Green Infrastructure. University of Washington, Seattle, WA.
UN – United Nations (2016). “Sustainable Development Goals - Goal 11: Make cities inclusive, safe, resilient and sustainable - Facts and Figures”. Available in 2019/08/ 07 at http://www.un.org/sustainabledevelopment/cities/.
UN/DESA - United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs (2018). World Urbanization Prospects, The 2018 revision. Available in 2019/08/07 at https:// population.un.org/wup/Publications/Files/WUP2018 KeyFacts.pdf.
UN-Habitat. (2020). UN-Habitat’s COVID-19 Policy and Programme Framework; UN-Habitat: Nairobi, Kenya.
Urfels, M.(2019). Sustainable Urban Development and the Urban Waterfront, A Case study of Western Harbor, Malmö. Thesis Bachelor, Department of Human Geography, Lund University, city of Lund, Sweden.
World Bank (2019). Urban Development Overview. Available in 2019/08/07 at http:// www.worldbank.org/en/topic/urbandevelopment/overview.
Verchou, A., & Kruuse, A. (2005). Green roofs, storm water management, and biodiversity in Malmö, Sweden. WIT Transactions on Ecology and the Environment, 1, 171-179.
Zinkernagel, R. (2014) Interview about the development and characteristics of the sustainable neighbourhood Western Harbour (interview,9 May 2014).
Zucaro, A., Ripa, M., Mellino, S., Ascione, M., & Ulgiati, S., (2014). Urban resource use and environmental performance indicators. An application of decomposition analysis. Ecological Indicators, 47, 16–25.

فایل ها

هم رسانی

ارجاع به این مقاله

آمار