Assessment of wildfire consequences on the quality of surface and underground endpoints of the water resources – A meta analyses of the available studies

Wildfires have increased in frequency in many ecosystems, with implications for human health and the environment, including water quality. Increased fire frequency and urbanization also raise the prospect of fires burning into urban areas, mobilizing pollutants Active pollutants during and after fires threaten water quality and persist in the environment for years. In this article, we aim to identify the types of fire-contaminated runoff that enters surface and groundwater resources . Using meta analyses we reviewed the scientific literature on wildfire effects on water quality. The present research based on documentary studies, was conducted using a descriptive and meta analyses method. We found physically, pollution method are increased after fire. Accurance chemically, nutrients, ions, organic chemicals, and metals increased in burned watersheds. In select cases, post-fire concentrations exceeded aquatic life criteria or drinking water standards, at times even in the finished drinking water. Biological assemblages commonly declined after fire events. The duration of the impacts was less than 5 year for most endpoints (e.g., metals) on average following fire, although effects did extend 15 year or more in some individual cases. Here, Based on the review of the scientific literature and assessment of the effects on response endpoints, a conceptual model to link fire to water quality, quantify response direction, magnitude and duration is proposed. Overall, this review provides a resource for understanding wildfire impacts on water quality endpoints, with the goal of informing the response managers and other decision makers about this growing problem.