Evaluation of the green space performance of Yazd city based on the analysis of the structure of the landscape

The process of urban expansion has led to the creation of complex patterns of built-up areas with varying densities and the fragmentation of natural landscapes. The composition and spatial distribution of green and open spaces, as urban ecological structures, can positively impact climatic processes. The aim of this study is to examine the composition and spatial distribution of green spaces in the city of Yazd. To identify the composition and distribution of vegetation cover, land cover maps derived from Landsat 8-9 satellite images were used. Using landscape metrics related to shape, spatial position, and size, the composition and spatial distribution of green cover in the study area were quantitatively analyzed. The metrics were calculated based on hexagonal grids of five-hectare areas in the green space class, categorized into five levels from lowest to highest values, and each metric was analyzed separately. Overall, the results showed that green spaces in Yazd are clustered with an irregular distribution. Additionally, in some parts of the city, green spaces are fragmented into small patches with high edge effects and irregular shapes. As a result, the composition and spatial distribution of green cover in Yazd is not optimal, and currently, urban green spaces lack the extent and connectivity necessary to provide ecological services. It is therefore recommended that a network of green spaces be designed and planned to improve the spatial composition and distribution of green cover in Yazd, as well as to enhance the ecological functions of these patches.